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<a name="glib-Spawning-Processes"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
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<td valign="top">
<h2><span class="refentrytitle"><a name="glib-Spawning-Processes.top_of_page"></a>Spawning Processes</span></h2>
<p>Spawning Processes — process launching</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a name="glib-Spawning-Processes.functions"></a><h2>Functions</h2>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="functions_return">
<col class="functions_name">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">void</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<span class="c_punctuation">(</span><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()">*GSpawnChildSetupFunc</a><span class="c_punctuation">)</span> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()">g_spawn_async_with_pipes</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()">g_spawn_async</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()">g_spawn_sync</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-check-exit-status" title="g_spawn_check_exit_status ()">g_spawn_check_exit_status</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-command-line-async" title="g_spawn_command_line_async ()">g_spawn_command_line_async</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-command-line-sync" title="g_spawn_command_line_sync ()">g_spawn_command_line_sync</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="function_type">
<span class="returnvalue">void</span>
</td>
<td class="function_name">
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()">g_spawn_close_pid</a> <span class="c_punctuation">()</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="glib-Spawning-Processes.other"></a><h2>Types and Values</h2>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="name">
<col class="description">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="datatype_keyword">enum</td>
<td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnError" title="enum GSpawnError">GSpawnError</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="define_keyword">#define</td>
<td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-ERROR:CAPS" title="G_SPAWN_ERROR">G_SPAWN_ERROR</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="datatype_keyword">enum</td>
<td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags">GSpawnFlags</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="define_keyword">#define</td>
<td class="function_name"><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-EXIT-ERROR:CAPS" title="G_SPAWN_EXIT_ERROR">G_SPAWN_EXIT_ERROR</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="glib-Spawning-Processes.includes"></a><h2>Includes</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">#include &lt;glib.h&gt;
</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="glib-Spawning-Processes.description"></a><h2>Description</h2>
<p>GLib supports spawning of processes with an API that is more
convenient than the bare UNIX <code class="function">fork()</code> and <code class="function">exec()</code>.</p>
<p>The g_spawn family of functions has synchronous (<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a>)
and asynchronous variants (<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a>),
as well as convenience variants that take a complete shell-like
commandline (<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-command-line-sync" title="g_spawn_command_line_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_command_line_sync()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-command-line-async" title="g_spawn_command_line_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_command_line_async()</code></a>).</p>
<p>See <a href="https://developer.gnome.org/gio/unstable/GSubprocess.html"><span class="type">GSubprocess</span></a> in GIO for a higher-level API that provides
stream interfaces for communication with child processes.</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="glib-Spawning-Processes.functions_details"></a><h2>Functions</h2>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="GSpawnChildSetupFunc"></a><h3>GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">void</span>
<span class="c_punctuation">(</span>*GSpawnChildSetupFunc<span class="c_punctuation">)</span> (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Specifies the type of the setup function passed to <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a>,
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a>, which can, in very
limited ways, be used to affect the child's execution.</p>
<p>On POSIX platforms, the function is called in the child after GLib
has performed all the setup it plans to perform, but before calling
<code class="function">exec()</code>. Actions taken in this function will only affect the child,
not the parent.</p>
<p>On Windows, the function is called in the parent. Its usefulness on
Windows is thus questionable. In many cases executing the child setup
function in the parent can have ill effects, and you should be very
careful when porting software to Windows that uses child setup
functions.</p>
<p>However, even on POSIX, you are extremely limited in what you can
safely do from a <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()"><span class="type">GSpawnChildSetupFunc</span></a>, because any mutexes that were
held by other threads in the parent process at the time of the <code class="function">fork()</code>
will still be locked in the child process, and they will never be
unlocked (since the threads that held them don't exist in the child).
POSIX allows only async-signal-safe functions (see signal(7)) to be
called in the child between <code class="function">fork()</code> and <code class="function">exec()</code>, which drastically limits
the usefulness of child setup functions.</p>
<p>In particular, it is not safe to call any function which may
call <code class="function">malloc()</code>, which includes POSIX functions such as <code class="function">setenv()</code>.
If you need to set up the child environment differently from
the parent, you should use <a class="link" href="glib-Miscellaneous-Utility-Functions.html#g-get-environ" title="g_get_environ ()"><code class="function">g_get_environ()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="glib-Miscellaneous-Utility-Functions.html#g-environ-setenv" title="g_environ_setenv ()"><code class="function">g_environ_setenv()</code></a>,
and <a class="link" href="glib-Miscellaneous-Utility-Functions.html#g-environ-unsetenv" title="g_environ_unsetenv ()"><code class="function">g_environ_unsetenv()</code></a>, and then pass the complete environment
list to the <code class="literal">g_spawn...</code> function.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.2.9"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody><tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>user_data</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>user data to pass to the function.</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr></tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="g-spawn-async-with-pipes"></a><h3>g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
g_spawn_async_with_pipes (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *working_directory</code></em>,
                          <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **argv</code></em>,
                          <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **envp</code></em>,
                          <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a> flags</code></em>,
                          <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()"><span class="type">GSpawnChildSetupFunc</span></a> child_setup</code></em>,
                          <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>,
                          <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#GPid" title="GPid"><span class="type">GPid</span></a> *child_pid</code></em>,
                          <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint ()"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *standard_input</code></em>,
                          <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint ()"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *standard_output</code></em>,
                          <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint ()"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *standard_error</code></em>,
                          <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Executes a child program asynchronously (your program will not
block waiting for the child to exit). The child program is
specified by the only argument that must be provided, <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em>
.
<em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em>
 should be a <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>-terminated array of strings, to be passed
as the argument vector for the child. The first string in <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em>

is of course the name of the program to execute. By default, the
name of the program must be a full path. If <em class="parameter"><code>flags</code></em>
 contains the
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> flag, the <code class="literal">PATH</code> environment variable is
used to search for the executable. If <em class="parameter"><code>flags</code></em>
 contains the
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH-FROM-ENVP:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP</code></a> flag, the <code class="literal">PATH</code> variable from 
<em class="parameter"><code>envp</code></em>
 is used to search for the executable. If both the
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH-FROM-ENVP:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP</code></a> flags
are set, the <code class="literal">PATH</code> variable from <em class="parameter"><code>envp</code></em>
 takes precedence over
the environment variable.</p>
<p>If the program name is not a full path and <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> flag is not
used, then the program will be run from the current directory (or
<em class="parameter"><code>working_directory</code></em>
, if specified); this might be unexpected or even
dangerous in some cases when the current directory is world-writable.</p>
<p>On Windows, note that all the string or string vector arguments to
this function and the other g_spawn*() functions are in UTF-8, the
GLib file name encoding. Unicode characters that are not part of
the system codepage passed in these arguments will be correctly
available in the spawned program only if it uses wide character API
to retrieve its command line. For C programs built with Microsoft's
tools it is enough to make the program have a <code class="function">wmain()</code> instead of
<code class="function">main()</code>. <code class="function">wmain()</code> has a wide character argument vector as parameter.</p>
<p>At least currently, mingw doesn't support <code class="function">wmain()</code>, so if you use
mingw to develop the spawned program, it should call
<a class="link" href="glib-Windows-Compatibility-Functions.html#g-win32-get-command-line" title="g_win32_get_command_line ()"><code class="function">g_win32_get_command_line()</code></a> to get arguments in UTF-8.</p>
<p>On Windows the low-level child process creation API <code class="function">CreateProcess()</code>
doesn't use argument vectors, but a command line. The C runtime
library's spawn*() family of functions (which <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a>
eventually calls) paste the argument vector elements together into
a command line, and the C runtime startup code does a corresponding
reconstruction of an argument vector from the command line, to be
passed to <code class="function">main()</code>. Complications arise when you have argument vector
elements that contain spaces of double quotes. The spawn*() functions
don't do any quoting or escaping, but on the other hand the startup
code does do unquoting and unescaping in order to enable receiving
arguments with embedded spaces or double quotes. To work around this
asymmetry, <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> will do quoting and escaping on
argument vector elements that need it before calling the C runtime
<code class="function">spawn()</code> function.</p>
<p>The returned <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em>
 on Windows is a handle to the child
process, not its identifier. Process handles and process
identifiers are different concepts on Windows.</p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>envp</code></em>
 is a <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>-terminated array of strings, where each string
has the form <code class="literal">KEY=VALUE</code>. This will become the child's environment.
If <em class="parameter"><code>envp</code></em>
 is <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, the child inherits its parent's environment.</p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>flags</code></em>
 should be the bitwise OR of any flags you want to affect the
function's behaviour. The <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-DO-NOT-REAP-CHILD:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD</code></a> means that the
child will not automatically be reaped; you must use a child watch to
be notified about the death of the child process. Eventually you must
call <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a> on the <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em>
, in order to free
resources which may be associated with the child process. (On Unix,
using a child watch is equivalent to calling <code class="function">waitpid()</code> or handling
the <code class="literal">SIGCHLD</code> signal manually. On Windows, calling <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a>
is equivalent to calling <code class="function">CloseHandle()</code> on the process handle returned
in <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em>
). See <a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#g-child-watch-add" title="g_child_watch_add ()"><code class="function">g_child_watch_add()</code></a>.</p>
<p><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-LEAVE-DESCRIPTORS-OPEN:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN</code></a> means that the parent's open file
descriptors will be inherited by the child; otherwise all descriptors
except stdin/stdout/stderr will be closed before calling <code class="function">exec()</code> in
the child. <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> means that <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em>
[0] need not be an
absolute path, it will be looked for in the <code class="literal">PATH</code> environment
variable. <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH-FROM-ENVP:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP</code></a> means need not be an
absolute path, it will be looked for in the <code class="literal">PATH</code> variable from
<em class="parameter"><code>envp</code></em>
. If both <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH-FROM-ENVP:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP</code></a>
are used, the value from <em class="parameter"><code>envp</code></em>
 takes precedence over the environment.
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDOUT-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a> means that the child's standard output
will be discarded, instead of going to the same location as the parent's 
standard output. If you use this flag, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em>
 must be <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDERR-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a> means that the child's standard error
will be discarded, instead of going to the same location as the parent's
standard error. If you use this flag, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em>
 must be <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-CHILD-INHERITS-STDIN:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN</code></a> means that the child will inherit the parent's
standard input (by default, the child's standard input is attached to
/dev/null). If you use this flag, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_input</code></em>
 must be <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>.
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-FILE-AND-ARGV-ZERO:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_FILE_AND_ARGV_ZERO</code></a> means that the first element of <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em>
 is
the file to execute, while the remaining elements are the actual
argument vector to pass to the file. Normally <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a>
uses <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em>
[0] as the file to execute, and passes all of <em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em>
 to the child.</p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em>
 and <em class="parameter"><code>user_data</code></em>
 are a function and user data. On POSIX
platforms, the function is called in the child after GLib has
performed all the setup it plans to perform (including creating
pipes, closing file descriptors, etc.) but before calling <code class="function">exec()</code>.
That is, <em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em>
 is called just before calling <code class="function">exec()</code> in the
child. Obviously actions taken in this function will only affect
the child, not the parent.</p>
<p>On Windows, there is no separate <code class="function">fork()</code> and <code class="function">exec()</code> functionality.
Child processes are created and run with a single API call,
<code class="function">CreateProcess()</code>. There is no sensible thing <em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em>

could be used for on Windows so it is ignored and not called.</p>
<p>If non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em>
 will on Unix be filled with the child's
process ID. You can use the process ID to send signals to the child,
or to use <a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#g-child-watch-add" title="g_child_watch_add ()"><code class="function">g_child_watch_add()</code></a> (or <code class="function">waitpid()</code>) if you specified the
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-DO-NOT-REAP-CHILD:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD</code></a> flag. On Windows, <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em>
 will be
filled with a handle to the child process only if you specified the
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-DO-NOT-REAP-CHILD:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD</code></a> flag. You can then access the child
process using the Win32 API, for example wait for its termination
with the WaitFor*() functions, or examine its exit code with
<code class="function">GetExitCodeProcess()</code>. You should close the handle with <code class="function">CloseHandle()</code>
or <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a> when you no longer need it.</p>
<p>If non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, the <em class="parameter"><code>standard_input</code></em>
, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em>
, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em>

locations will be filled with file descriptors for writing to the child's
standard input or reading from its standard output or standard error.
The caller of <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> must close these file descriptors
when they are no longer in use. If these parameters are <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, the
corresponding pipe won't be created.</p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>standard_input</code></em>
 is NULL, the child's standard input is attached to 
/dev/null unless <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-CHILD-INHERITS-STDIN:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN</code></a> is set.</p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em>
 is NULL, the child's standard error goes to the same 
location as the parent's standard error unless <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDERR-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a> 
is set.</p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em>
 is NULL, the child's standard output goes to the same 
location as the parent's standard output unless <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDOUT-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a> 
is set.</p>
<p><em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em>
 can be <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to ignore errors, or non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to report errors.
If an error is set, the function returns <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a>. Errors are reported
even if they occur in the child (for example if the executable in
<em class="parameter"><code>argv</code></em>
[0] is not found). Typically the <code class="literal">message</code> field of returned
errors should be displayed to users. Possible errors are those from
the <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-ERROR:CAPS" title="G_SPAWN_ERROR"><span class="type">G_SPAWN_ERROR</span></a> domain.</p>
<p>If an error occurs, <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em>
, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_input</code></em>
, <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em>
,
and <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em>
 will not be filled with valid values.</p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em>
 is not <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> and an error does not occur then the returned
process reference must be closed using <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a>.</p>
<p>If you are writing a GTK+ application, and the program you 
are spawning is a graphical application, too, then you may
want to use <code class="function">gdk_spawn_on_screen_with_pipes()</code> instead to ensure that
the spawned program opens its windows on the right screen.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.3.24"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>working_directory</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> child's current working directory, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's, in the GLib file name encoding. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>argv</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> child's argument vector, in the GLib file name encoding. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> zero-terminated=1]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>envp</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> child's environment, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's, in the GLib file name encoding. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> zero-terminated=1][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>flags</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>flags from <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>child_setup</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> function to run in the child just before <code class="function">exec()</code>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="The callback is valid until first called."><span class="acronym">scope async</span></acronym>][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>user_data</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> user data for <em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em>
. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="This parameter is a 'user_data', for callbacks; many bindings can pass NULL here."><span class="acronym">closure</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>child_pid</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> return location for child process ID, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>standard_input</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> return location for file descriptor to write to child's stdin, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>standard_output</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> return location for file descriptor to read child's stdout, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>standard_error</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> return location for file descriptor to read child's stderr, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>error</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>return location for error</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.3.25"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> on success, <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> if an error was set</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="g-spawn-async"></a><h3>g_spawn_async ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
g_spawn_async (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *working_directory</code></em>,
               <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **argv</code></em>,
               <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **envp</code></em>,
               <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a> flags</code></em>,
               <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()"><span class="type">GSpawnChildSetupFunc</span></a> child_setup</code></em>,
               <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>,
               <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#GPid" title="GPid"><span class="type">GPid</span></a> *child_pid</code></em>,
               <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
<p>See <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> for a full description; this function
simply calls the <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> without any pipes.</p>
<p>You should call <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a> on the returned child process
reference when you don't need it any more.</p>
<p>If you are writing a GTK+ application, and the program you are
spawning is a graphical application, too, then you may want to
use <code class="function">gdk_spawn_on_screen()</code> instead to ensure that the spawned program
opens its windows on the right screen.</p>
<p>Note that the returned <em class="parameter"><code>child_pid</code></em>
 on Windows is a handle to the child
process and not its identifier. Process handles and process identifiers
are different concepts on Windows.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.4.8"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>working_directory</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> child's current working directory, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>argv</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> child's argument vector. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> zero-terminated=1]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>envp</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> child's environment, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> zero-terminated=1][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>flags</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>flags from <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>child_setup</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> function to run in the child just before <code class="function">exec()</code>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="The callback is valid until first called."><span class="acronym">scope async</span></acronym>][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>user_data</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> user data for <em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em>
. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="This parameter is a 'user_data', for callbacks; many bindings can pass NULL here."><span class="acronym">closure</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>child_pid</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> return location for child process reference, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>error</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>return location for error</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.4.9"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> on success, <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> if error is set</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="g-spawn-sync"></a><h3>g_spawn_sync ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
g_spawn_sync (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *working_directory</code></em>,
              <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **argv</code></em>,
              <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **envp</code></em>,
              <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a> flags</code></em>,
              <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnChildSetupFunc" title="GSpawnChildSetupFunc ()"><span class="type">GSpawnChildSetupFunc</span></a> child_setup</code></em>,
              <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gpointer" title="gpointer"><span class="type">gpointer</span></a> user_data</code></em>,
              <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_output</code></em>,
              <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_error</code></em>,
              <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint ()"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *exit_status</code></em>,
              <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Executes a child synchronously (waits for the child to exit before returning).
All output from the child is stored in <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em>
 and <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em>
,
if those parameters are non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>. Note that you must set the  
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDOUT-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-STDERR-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL</code></a> flags when
passing <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> for <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em>
 and <em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em>
.</p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em>
 is non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, the platform-specific exit status of
the child is stored there; see the documentation of
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-check-exit-status" title="g_spawn_check_exit_status ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_check_exit_status()</code></a> for how to use and interpret this.
Note that it is invalid to pass <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-DO-NOT-REAP-CHILD:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD</code></a> in
<em class="parameter"><code>flags</code></em>
.</p>
<p>If an error occurs, no data is returned in <em class="parameter"><code>standard_output</code></em>
,
<em class="parameter"><code>standard_error</code></em>
, or <em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em>
.</p>
<p>This function calls <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> internally; see that
function for full details on the other parameters and details on
how these functions work on Windows.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.5.8"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>working_directory</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> child's current working directory, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>argv</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> child's argument vector. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> zero-terminated=1]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>envp</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> child's environment, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a> to inherit parent's. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> zero-terminated=1][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>flags</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>flags from <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnFlags" title="enum GSpawnFlags"><span class="type">GSpawnFlags</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>child_setup</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> function to run in the child just before <code class="function">exec()</code>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="The callback is valid until first called."><span class="acronym">scope async</span></acronym>][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>user_data</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> user data for <em class="parameter"><code>child_setup</code></em>
. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="This parameter is a 'user_data', for callbacks; many bindings can pass NULL here."><span class="acronym">closure</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>standard_output</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> return location for child output, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>][<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> zero-terminated=1][<acronym title="Generics and defining elements of containers and arrays."><span class="acronym">element-type</span></acronym> guint8][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>standard_error</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> return location for child error messages, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>][<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> zero-terminated=1][<acronym title="Generics and defining elements of containers and arrays."><span class="acronym">element-type</span></acronym> guint8][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>exit_status</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> return location for child exit status, as returned by <code class="function">waitpid()</code>, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>error</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>return location for error, or <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.5.9"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> on success, <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> if an error was set</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="g-spawn-check-exit-status"></a><h3>g_spawn_check_exit_status ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
g_spawn_check_exit_status (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint ()"><span class="type">gint</span></a> exit_status</code></em>,
                           <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
<p>Set <em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em>
 if <em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em>
 indicates the child exited abnormally
(e.g. with a nonzero exit code, or via a fatal signal).</p>
<p>The <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#g-child-watch-add" title="g_child_watch_add ()"><code class="function">g_child_watch_add()</code></a> family of APIs return an
exit status for subprocesses encoded in a platform-specific way.
On Unix, this is guaranteed to be in the same format <code class="function">waitpid()</code> returns,
and on Windows it is guaranteed to be the result of <code class="function">GetExitCodeProcess()</code>.</p>
<p>Prior to the introduction of this function in GLib 2.34, interpreting
<em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em>
 required use of platform-specific APIs, which is problematic
for software using GLib as a cross-platform layer.</p>
<p>Additionally, many programs simply want to determine whether or not
the child exited successfully, and either propagate a <a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> or
print a message to standard error. In that common case, this function
can be used. Note that the error message in <em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em>
 will contain
human-readable information about the exit status.</p>
<p>The <em class="parameter"><code>domain</code></em>
 and <em class="parameter"><code>code</code></em>
 of <em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em>
 have special semantics in the case
where the process has an "exit code", as opposed to being killed by
a signal. On Unix, this happens if <code class="function">WIFEXITED()</code> would be true of
<em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em>
. On Windows, it is always the case.</p>
<p>The special semantics are that the actual exit code will be the
code set in <em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em>
, and the domain will be <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-EXIT-ERROR:CAPS" title="G_SPAWN_EXIT_ERROR"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_EXIT_ERROR</code></a>.
This allows you to differentiate between different exit codes.</p>
<p>If the process was terminated by some means other than an exit
status, the domain will be <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-ERROR:CAPS" title="G_SPAWN_ERROR"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR</code></a>, and the code will be
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-ERROR-FAILED:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED</code></a>.</p>
<p>This function just offers convenience; you can of course also check
the available platform via a macro such as <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#G-OS-UNIX:CAPS" title="G_OS_UNIX"><code class="literal">G_OS_UNIX</code></a>, and use
<code class="function">WIFEXITED()</code> and <code class="function">WEXITSTATUS()</code> on <em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em>
 directly. Do not attempt
to scan or parse the error message string; it may be translated and/or
change in future versions of GLib.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.6.12"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>exit_status</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>An exit code as returned from <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>error</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>a <a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a></p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.6.13"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> if child exited successfully, <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> otherwise (and
<em class="parameter"><code>error</code></em>
will be set)</p>
</div>
<p class="since">Since: <a class="link" href="api-index-2-34.html#api-index-2.34">2.34</a></p>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="g-spawn-command-line-async"></a><h3>g_spawn_command_line_async ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
g_spawn_command_line_async (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *command_line</code></em>,
                            <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
<p>A simple version of <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a> that parses a command line with
<a class="link" href="glib-Shell-related-Utilities.html#g-shell-parse-argv" title="g_shell_parse_argv ()"><code class="function">g_shell_parse_argv()</code></a> and passes it to <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a>. Runs a
command line in the background. Unlike <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a>, the
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> flag is enabled, other flags are not. Note
that <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> can have security implications, so
consider using <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a> directly if appropriate. Possible
errors are those from <a class="link" href="glib-Shell-related-Utilities.html#g-shell-parse-argv" title="g_shell_parse_argv ()"><code class="function">g_shell_parse_argv()</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a>.</p>
<p>The same concerns on Windows apply as for <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-command-line-sync" title="g_spawn_command_line_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_command_line_sync()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.7.6"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>command_line</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>a command line</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>error</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>return location for errors</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.7.7"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> on success, <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> if error is set</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="g-spawn-command-line-sync"></a><h3>g_spawn_command_line_sync ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean" title="gboolean"><span class="returnvalue">gboolean</span></a>
g_spawn_command_line_sync (<em class="parameter"><code>const <a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> *command_line</code></em>,
                           <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_output</code></em>,
                           <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar" title="gchar"><span class="type">gchar</span></a> **standard_error</code></em>,
                           <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Basic-Types.html#gint" title="gint ()"><span class="type">gint</span></a> *exit_status</code></em>,
                           <em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> **error</code></em>);</pre>
<p>A simple version of <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a> with little-used parameters
removed, taking a command line instead of an argument vector.  See
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a> for full details. <em class="parameter"><code>command_line</code></em>
 will be parsed by
<a class="link" href="glib-Shell-related-Utilities.html#g-shell-parse-argv" title="g_shell_parse_argv ()"><code class="function">g_shell_parse_argv()</code></a>. Unlike <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a>, the <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> flag
is enabled. Note that <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</code></a> can have security
implications, so consider using <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a> directly if
appropriate. Possible errors are those from <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a> and those
from <a class="link" href="glib-Shell-related-Utilities.html#g-shell-parse-argv" title="g_shell_parse_argv ()"><code class="function">g_shell_parse_argv()</code></a>.</p>
<p>If <em class="parameter"><code>exit_status</code></em>
 is non-<a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#NULL:CAPS" title="NULL"><code class="literal">NULL</code></a>, the platform-specific exit status of
the child is stored there; see the documentation of
<a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-check-exit-status" title="g_spawn_check_exit_status ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_check_exit_status()</code></a> for how to use and interpret this.</p>
<p>On Windows, please note the implications of <a class="link" href="glib-Shell-related-Utilities.html#g-shell-parse-argv" title="g_shell_parse_argv ()"><code class="function">g_shell_parse_argv()</code></a>
parsing <em class="parameter"><code>command_line</code></em>
. Parsing is done according to Unix shell rules, not 
Windows command interpreter rules.
Space is a separator, and backslashes are
special. Thus you cannot simply pass a <em class="parameter"><code>command_line</code></em>
 containing
canonical Windows paths, like "c:\program files\app\app.exe", as
the backslashes will be eaten, and the space will act as a
separator. You need to enclose such paths with single quotes, like
"'c:\program files\app\app.exe' 'e:\folder\argument.txt'".</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.8.7"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>command_line</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>a command line </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>standard_output</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> return location for child output. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>][<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> zero-terminated=1][<acronym title="Generics and defining elements of containers and arrays."><span class="acronym">element-type</span></acronym> guint8][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>standard_error</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> return location for child errors. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>][<acronym title="Parameter points to an array of items."><span class="acronym">array</span></acronym> zero-terminated=1][<acronym title="Generics and defining elements of containers and arrays."><span class="acronym">element-type</span></acronym> guint8][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>exit_status</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p> return location for child exit status, as returned by <code class="function">waitpid()</code>. </p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"><span class="annotation">[<acronym title="Parameter for returning results. Default is transfer full."><span class="acronym">out</span></acronym>][<acronym title="NULL is OK, both for passing and for returning."><span class="acronym">allow-none</span></acronym>]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>error</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>return location for errors</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.8.8"></a><h4>Returns</h4>
<p> <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS" title="TRUE"><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> on success, <a class="link" href="glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS" title="FALSE"><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> if an error was set</p>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="g-spawn-close-pid"></a><h3>g_spawn_close_pid ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="returnvalue">void</span>
g_spawn_close_pid (<em class="parameter"><code><a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#GPid" title="GPid"><span class="type">GPid</span></a> pid</code></em>);</pre>
<p>On some platforms, notably Windows, the <a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#GPid" title="GPid"><span class="type">GPid</span></a> type represents a resource
which must be closed to prevent resource leaking. <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-close-pid" title="g_spawn_close_pid ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_close_pid()</code></a>
is provided for this purpose. It should be used on all platforms, even
though it doesn't do anything under UNIX.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.7.9.5"></a><h4>Parameters</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="150px" class="parameters_name">
<col class="parameters_description">
<col width="200px" class="parameters_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody><tr>
<td class="parameter_name"><p>pid</p></td>
<td class="parameter_description"><p>The process reference to close</p></td>
<td class="parameter_annotations"> </td>
</tr></tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="glib-Spawning-Processes.other_details"></a><h2>Types and Values</h2>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="GSpawnError"></a><h3>enum GSpawnError</h3>
<p>Error codes returned by spawning processes.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.8.2.4"></a><h4>Members</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="300px" class="enum_members_name">
<col class="enum_members_description">
<col width="200px" class="enum_members_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-FORK:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_FORK</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>Fork failed due to lack of memory.</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-READ:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_READ</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>Read or select on pipes failed.</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-CHDIR:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_CHDIR</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>Changing to working directory failed.</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-ACCES:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_ACCES</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">EACCES</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-PERM:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_PERM</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">EPERM</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-TOO-BIG:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_TOO_BIG</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">E2BIG</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-2BIG:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_2BIG</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>deprecated alias for <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#G-SPAWN-ERROR-TOO-BIG:CAPS"><code class="literal">G_SPAWN_ERROR_TOO_BIG</code></a></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NOEXEC:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOEXEC</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENOEXEC</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NAMETOOLONG:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_NAMETOOLONG</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENAMETOOLONG</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NOENT:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOENT</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENOENT</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NOMEM:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOMEM</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENOMEM</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NOTDIR:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_NOTDIR</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENOTDIR</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-LOOP:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_LOOP</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">ELOOP</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-TXTBUSY:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_TXTBUSY</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">ETXTBUSY</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-IO:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_IO</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">EIO</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-NFILE:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_NFILE</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">ENFILE</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-MFILE:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_MFILE</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">EMFILE</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-INVAL:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_INVAL</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">EINVAL</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-ISDIR:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_ISDIR</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">EISDIR</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-LIBBAD:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_LIBBAD</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>execv() returned <code class="literal">ELIBBAD</code></p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR-FAILED:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_ERROR_FAILED</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>Some other fatal failure,
  <code class="literal">error-&gt;message</code> should explain.</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="G-SPAWN-ERROR:CAPS"></a><h3>G_SPAWN_ERROR</h3>
<pre class="programlisting">#define G_SPAWN_ERROR g_spawn_error_quark ()
</pre>
<p>Error domain for spawning processes. Errors in this domain will
be from the <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#GSpawnError" title="enum GSpawnError"><span class="type">GSpawnError</span></a> enumeration. See <a class="link" href="glib-Error-Reporting.html#GError" title="struct GError"><span class="type">GError</span></a> for information on
error domains.</p>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="GSpawnFlags"></a><h3>enum GSpawnFlags</h3>
<p>Flags passed to <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-sync" title="g_spawn_sync ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_sync()</code></a>, <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async" title="g_spawn_async ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async()</code></a> and <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a>.</p>
<div class="refsect3">
<a name="id-1.5.17.8.4.4"></a><h4>Members</h4>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" width="100%" border="0">
<colgroup>
<col width="300px" class="enum_members_name">
<col class="enum_members_description">
<col width="200px" class="enum_members_annotations">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-DEFAULT:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_DEFAULT</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>no flags, default behaviour</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-LEAVE-DESCRIPTORS-OPEN:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_LEAVE_DESCRIPTORS_OPEN</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>the parent's open file descriptors will
    be inherited by the child; otherwise all descriptors except stdin,
    stdout and stderr will be closed before calling <code class="function">exec()</code> in the child.</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-DO-NOT-REAP-CHILD:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_DO_NOT_REAP_CHILD</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>the child will not be automatically reaped;
    you must use <a class="link" href="glib-The-Main-Event-Loop.html#g-child-watch-add" title="g_child_watch_add ()"><code class="function">g_child_watch_add()</code></a> yourself (or call <code class="function">waitpid()</code> or handle
    <code class="literal">SIGCHLD</code> yourself), or the child will become a zombie.</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p><code class="literal">argv[0]</code> need not be an absolute path, it will be
    looked for in the user's <code class="literal">PATH</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-STDOUT-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_STDOUT_TO_DEV_NULL</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>the child's standard output will be discarded,
    instead of going to the same location as the parent's standard output.</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-STDERR-TO-DEV-NULL:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_STDERR_TO_DEV_NULL</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>the child's standard error will be discarded.</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-CHILD-INHERITS-STDIN:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_CHILD_INHERITS_STDIN</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>the child will inherit the parent's standard
    input (by default, the child's standard input is attached to <code class="literal">/dev/null</code>).</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-FILE-AND-ARGV-ZERO:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_FILE_AND_ARGV_ZERO</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>the first element of <code class="literal">argv</code> is the file to
    execute, while the remaining elements are the actual argument vector
    to pass to the file. Normally <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-async-with-pipes" title="g_spawn_async_with_pipes ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_async_with_pipes()</code></a> uses <code class="literal">argv[0]</code>
    as the file to execute, and passes all of <code class="literal">argv</code> to the child.</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-SEARCH-PATH-FROM-ENVP:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_SEARCH_PATH_FROM_ENVP</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>if <code class="literal">argv[0]</code> is not an abolute path,
    it will be looked for in the <code class="literal">PATH</code> from the passed child environment.
    Since: 2.34</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="enum_member_name"><p><a name="G-SPAWN-CLOEXEC-PIPES:CAPS"></a>G_SPAWN_CLOEXEC_PIPES</p></td>
<td class="enum_member_description">
<p>create all pipes with the <code class="literal">O_CLOEXEC</code> flag set.
    Since: 2.40</p>
</td>
<td class="enum_member_annotations"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="G-SPAWN-EXIT-ERROR:CAPS"></a><h3>G_SPAWN_EXIT_ERROR</h3>
<pre class="programlisting">#define G_SPAWN_EXIT_ERROR g_spawn_exit_error_quark ()
</pre>
<p>Error domain used by <a class="link" href="glib-Spawning-Processes.html#g-spawn-check-exit-status" title="g_spawn_check_exit_status ()"><code class="function">g_spawn_check_exit_status()</code></a>.  The code
will be the program exit code.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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